10) Establishes a Pinniped Interaction Task Force to advise the Secretary on management practices regarding seals and sea lions interacting in a dangerous or damaging manner with fishery stocks. Marine mammal species inhabiting both U.S. and International waters include the West Indian manatee, sea otter, polar bear, and Pacific walrus. Allows the import of marine mammal products under certain circumstances. The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA or Act) prohibits, with certain exceptions, the "take" of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas, and the importation of marine mammals and marine mammal products into the U.S. 2 (16 USC 1361) Sec. On October 21st, 1972, the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) passed in the United States Congress and was signed into law to help establish and implement better protections for the marine mammals that call U.S. waters home. This page was last edited on 15 September 2020, at 15:49. NOAA was given responsibility to conserve and manage pinnipeds including seals and sea lions and cetaceans such as whales and dolphins. 3 . The 1984 amendments established conditions to be satisfied as a basis for importing fish and fish products from nations engaged in harvesting yellowfin tuna with purse seines and other commercial fishing technology, as well as authorized appropriations for agency activities through FY 1988. The goal is to obtain an optimum sustainable population within the carrying capacity of the habitat. Final Rule for Navy’s Request for Two-Year Extension of Authorization for Military Readiness Activities (July 2020) View on Federal Register site Download File. The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was enacted on October 21, 1972. The Marine Mammal Protection Act (‘MMPA’) was passed in 1972 as a response to the considerable declines in certain species of marine mammals caused by human activities. 18) Authorizes appropriations for the Marine Mammal Commission for FY 1994 through 1999. Subscribe Here. (Sec. (. Marine Mammal Protection Act; Subscribe to receive updates and announcements. Marine Mammal Protection Act What is the Marine Mammal Protection Act? Congress enacted the Marine Mammal Protection Act in 1972 (MMPA; 16 U.S.C. ( Since 1972, the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) has played a central role in protecting and recovering some of our beloved and iconic marine mammal species: humpback and gray whales, sea otters and manatees, seals and sea lions, porpoises and dolphins. The Marine Mammals Protection Act 1978 is an Act of Parliament passed in New Zealand in 1978. (Sec. The Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) was bought in also to review and amend existing policies. [chamberOfAction] => House The two types of permits issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources are incidental and directed. (Sec. Some marine mammal species or stocks may be in danger of extinction or depletion as a result of human activities. Directs the Secretary to enter into negotiations with the States of Washington, Oregon, and California to establish a cooperative agreement for the management of California sea lion and Pacific harbor seal populations in those States. The MMPA prohibits, with certain exceptions, the "take" of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas, and the importation of marine mammals and marine mammal products into the U.S. Strict enforcement of the Marine Mammal Protection Act sometimes restricts scientists' ability to conduct research that enhances knowledge about the animals and leads to new ways to protect them. [description] => Introduced [description] => Passed House The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA or Act) prohibits, with certain exceptions, the "take" of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas, and the importation of marine mammals and marine mammal products into the U.S. 9) Establishes the immediate goal that the incidental kill or serious injury of marine mammals in the course of commercial fishing operations be reduced to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate within five years. The MMPA prohibits, with certain exceptions, the \"take\" of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas, and the importation of marine mammals and marine mammal products into the United States. [chamberOfAction] => House This office also houses the Division of International Conservation, which is directly responsible for coordinating international activities for marine mammal species found in both U.S. and International waters, or are absent from U.S. waters. Authorizes the Secretary to prescribe emergency regulations if incidental lethal takes from commercial fishing operations have an immediate and significant adverse impact on a stock or species, including placing observers on vessels. MMPA was signed into law on October 21, 1972, by President Richard Nixon and took effect 60 days later on December 21, 1972. The Act defines "take" as "the act of hunting, killing, capture, and/or harassment of any marine mammal; or, the attempt at such." Allows the charging of a fee for such authorization. Congress found that: all species and population stocks of marine mammals are, or may be, in danger of extinction or depletion due to human activities; these mammals should not be permitted to diminish below their optimum sustainable population; measures should be taken immediately to replenish any of these mammals that have diminished below that level, and efforts should be made to protect essential habitats; there is inadequate knowledge of the ecology and population dynamics of these mammals; negotiations should be undertaken immediately to encourage international arrangements for research and conservation of these mammals. (Sec. Studies of pinniped-fishery interactions. Allows the issuance of non-commercial fishing operation permits within specific geographic regions for the incidental, but not intentional, taking by harassment of small numbers of marine mammals of a species or population stock, if it is found that: (1) such taking will have a negligible impact on such species or stock; and (2) will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of such species or stock. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1994 through 1999 for grants to assist such organizations. Requires such incidents to be reported to the Secretary within 48 hours. 11) Directs the Secretary to convene a regional workshop for the Gulf of Maine to assess human-caused factors affecting the health and stability of that marine ecosystem, of which marine mammals are a part. The Service's Marine Mammal Management office in Anchorage, Alaska is responsible for the management and conservation of polar bears, Pacific walruses, and northern sea otters in Alaska. Calendar No. Under the MMPA, the Service is responsible for ensuring the protection of sea otters and marine otters, walruses, polar bears, three species of manatees, and dugongs. ), Array Applications for such permits are reviewed and issued the Service's Division of Management Authority, through the International Affairs office. (Sec. The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), passed in 1972 with bipartisan support, is a landmark conservation law that prohibits activities that harass, hunt, capture, collect, or kill marine mammals, such as whales, dolphins, seals, and manatees. The MMPA defines harassment as "any act of pursuit, torment or annoyance which has the potential to either: a. injure a marine mammal in the wild, or b. disturb a marine mammal by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, which includes, but is not limited to, migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering." § 1361 : US Code – Section 1361: Congressional findings and declaration of policy This description of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 tracks the language of the U.S. Code, except that, sometimes, we use plain English and that we may refer to the “Act” (meaning Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972) rather than to the “subchapter” or the “title” of the United States Code. As the information you have requested is ‘environmental information’ for the purposes of the Environmental Information (Scotland) Regulations 2004 (EIRs), we are required to deal with your request under those Regulations. Coordination between these three federal agencies is necessary in order to provide the best management practices for marine mammals. Here are the steps for Status of Legislation: Marine Mammal Protection Act Amendments of 1994 - Amends the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 with respect to the moratorium and exceptions on the taking and importing of marine mammals to allow the issuance of permits for: (1) photography for educational or commercial purposes; or (2) importing polar bear parts taken in sport hunts in Canada. Allows the issuance of permits for commercial fishing operations for the incidental taking of small numbers of marine mammals listed as endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, if it is determined that: (1) such taking will have a negligible impact on the species or stock; (2) a program is in place which allows reliable estimates and monitoring of the level of the incidental take; and (3) a recovery plan has been developed or is in the process of being developed. The Act was intended to help marine mammal species that were in decline as a result of human activities, such as overhunting, overfishing and unscrupulous trade. Through this act, many marine mammal lives have been saved thanks to efforts of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Congress passed the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972 to address concerns that certain species and population stocks of marine mammals could be in danger of extinction or depletion as a result of human activities. ), Blog – In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress, Senate - 03/23/1994 Received in the Senate. To manage protected marine species, as required under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, Endangered Species Act, and Fur Seal Act, the Alaska Region advances recovery of threatened and endangered species and the conservation of marine mammals, including whales, seals, and sea lions. The MMPA provides for enforcement of its prohibitions, and for the issuance of regulations to implement its legislative goals. Directs the Secretary to establish independent scientific review groups representing Alaska, the Pacific coast (including Hawaii), the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic coast to review proposed actions and to advise the Secretary as appropriate. (Sec. The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 as Amended . The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was the first act of the United States Congress to call specifically for an ecosystem approach to wildlife management. The MMPA’s primary objective is to: Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was the first legislation to mandate an ecosystem-based approach to marine resource management. The polar bear, southern sea otter, marine otter, all three species of manatees, and the dugong are also concurrently listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The MMPA is hailed as one of U.S.’ most remarkable conservation laws because it shifted the emphasis from conservation of species alone to ecosystems at large. In efforts to conserve and manage marine mammal species, the Service has appointed field staff dedicated to working with partners to conduct population censuses, assess population health, develop and implement conservation plans, promulgate regulations, and create cooperative relationships internationally. Congress declared that marine mammals are resources of great international significance (aesthetic, recreational and economic), and should be protected and encouraged to develop to the greatest extent feasible commensurate with sound policies of resource management. Establishes within such Task Force a special committee to advise on management practices regarding seals interacting in a dangerous or damaging manner with aquaculture resources in the Gulf of Maine. 16 U.S.C. Describes regulations to accompany the general authorization for the incidental taking of marine mammals. Species not present in U.S. waters include the West African and Amazonian manatee, dugong, Atlantic walrus, and marine otter. (Sec. Whaling in New Zealand; References See also. (Sec. 103-439. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Background: The U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was enacted in 1972 in response to increasing concerns that some species of marine mammals were in danger of extinction or depletion as a result of human activities such as overhunting, … 4) Directs the Secretary of Commerce to publish guidelines for use in safely deterring marine mammals from damaging private or public property, or endangering personal safety. 5) Requires the Secretary to provide opportunity for a public hearing before determining any species or stock to have been depleted because of authorized taking by certain Alaskan natives. H. Rept. Allows a State to petition the Secretary for the lethal removal of individually identifiable pinnipeds which are having a significant negative impact on the decline or recovery of salmonid fishery stocks which have been listed as threatened species or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 or which the Secretary finds are approaching endangered species or threatened species status. Authorizes the Secretary to enter into cooperative agreements with Alaska Native organizations to conserve marine mammals and provide comanagement of subsistence use by Alaska Natives. 1361 et seq.) The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) protects all marine mammals in U.S. waters, including whales, dolphins, 1seals and manatees. SEC. 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