White Ash1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION White Ash is resistant to heat, although it is native to moist locations, including river bottoms and well-drained upland sites (Fig. Photo by Jan Newton College Woods - Squirrel Point, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA; July 16, 2011 0000007888 00000 n Right: Siberian elms are fast-growing, brittle trees that break easily. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Then proceed to the number listed in italics at the end of your choice. They do not have distinctive shaggy bark. (Black ash features even more shallowly furrowed bark … 44 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 46 /H [ 1240 358 ] /L 547501 /E 146152 /N 4 /T 546503 >> endobj xref 44 40 0000000016 00000 n Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) White ash (Fraxinus americana) Black ash (Fraxinus nigra) California ash (Fraxinus dipetala) Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) These types of ash trees tolerate urban pollution and their cultivars are often seen as street trees. Young bark develops small corky ridges An extreme example of the corky bark of a young Black Ash. 2A), and a butternut leaf scar is surmounted by a thick band of hairs that resemble a moustache (Fig. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. Branches and buds are alternate. The C-shaped leaf scars of white ash are useful in distinguishing this species from the closely related green ash (F. pennsylvanica). The leaves of green ash are smaller than the leaves of white ash. Green Ash: Similar to white ash, but with shallower fissures in mature bark. Ash seeds . 0000008108 00000 n 2. Green ash buds are paired with a leaf scar beneath the bud that looks like the letter “D” turned on its side (like a smile). The fruit is a winged seed. The Division of Forestry promotes and applies management for the sustainable use and protection of Ohio’s private and public forest lands.   These trees are seldom planted in landscapes, but are native, and may be found growing in woods. The wood is nearly white, tough, strong, and heavy with a wide, light-colored sapwood. For questions about accessibility and/or if you need additional accommodations for a specific document, please send an email to ANR Communications & Marketing at anrcommunications@anr.msu.edu. Black Ash winter twig. 0000114313 00000 n Ash has continuous bundle scars inside leaf scar looks like "smiley face". color (Fig. Leaf tops are dark green with a white … The leaves of white ash leave a U- shaped scar where as the leaves of green ash leaves as D ‘“shaped scar. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. The difference can be told by the leaf scars. If it doesn’t match the characteristics in the key, relax; it most likely isn’t an ash. When ash leaves fall, they are still green.. Hardwood vs. ... and leaf scar deeply concave on distal margin (vs. F. pennsylvanica, with branchlets gray-brown, hairy, terminal winter bud pointed at apex, and leaf scar straight or slightly concave on distal margin). Green Ash is a fairly common overstory tree of riversides and other wet habitats. Green Ash and Black Ash trees are preferentially attacked by the insects, followed by White Ash and Blue Ash. The record-holder in Ohio today is 96 feet tall, 11 feet taller than the tallest known White Ash.The bark is similar to that of the White Ash.The Red Ash grows widely throughout Ohio in rich, moist soil of bottomlands and stream banks. If you are still curious about what kind of trees you have, consult Extension Bulletin E-2332, “Identifying Trees of Michigan,” or a good field guide such as: “The Tree Identification Book,” by George W.D. The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707. 4. a) Compound leaves, 5 to 9 leaflets, smooth or finely toothed around outer edge. 0000072940 00000 n 0000002589 00000 n White Ash has excellent shock resistance, and along with hickory (Carya spp.) 0000001240 00000 n 0000008753 00000 n This information is for educational purposes only. Right: white ash leaf scar. (Google: "leaf scar" "green ash" "white ash".) The bud appears with a D-shaped leaf scar. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. 0000001147 00000 n Both species are more commonly confused with green ash, which has more intermediate characteristics between these species in many respects. Leaf scars beneath the buds are narrow, and join in a point. Green ash leaf                       White ash leaf                           Opposite branching        Left: green ash leaf scar. Diane Brown-Rytlewski. NOTE: this new area is currently in draft. This number will give you a new set of choices. 0000111636 00000 n White ash is a good ornamental and lumber tree. Figure 1. Begin at number 1 on the key and choose (a) or (b). Mature butternut bark is platy and ash-gray with dark gray fis-sures between the platy ridges. In winter, the dormant buds most closely resemble White Ash, with chocolate brown buds and the first two lateral buds tight against the terminal bud, but the leaf scars of the lateral buds are more half moon to oval shaped, broader than White Ash. Individual fruits are shaped like single wings and occur in clusters; many ash cultivars are seedless. Fall, Russell County, Virginia H�b``�b``������� Ȁ �@16��'=M#�μ=�� \X]����4��*-��d`8Q��W�d�o[T�C����E�1WfN�HO�Y��7C�V�Ft �`&(&ll�a20(���9p � The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be about 10 m (33 ft) (33 ft) high. 0000003892 00000 n Leaves are compound, 8 to 12 inches long, 5 to 9 leaflets/leaf. Leaves are compound, 4 to 10 inches long, with 3 to 5 leaflets/leaf. It grows 50 to 80 feet tall and wide. 0000002802 00000 n Leaflets are a toothed, rounded oval shape. See hickory, page 2. Ash Tree Facts. The end leaflet is sharply pointed. The green ash leaf scare is flat on top, possibly with a little divet for the bud (based on Lucy Braun's Woody plants of Ohio). Brown buds emerge inside a C-shaped leaf scar. It is. The leaves of European ash comprise seven to 13 leaflets. White Ash: Soft bark develops diamond-shaped fissures with age. The commercial supply is mostly in the South. ... Green ash adapts quite well to city street tree planting pits and other confined soil spaces, ... Powdery mildew makes a white coating on the leaves. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) has narrower leaflets with pale green undersides, buds that sit above the half-moon leaf scars, and seed wings that extend halfway down the seed. See black walnut, page 3. b) If pith is not chambered, but has white flowers in May, orange or red berries in fall. FIND A NEW SOURCE FOR THIS??? Green ash takes on an astonishingly bright yellow hue. 0000001752 00000 n White Ash twig, showing the indented leaf scar. 0000096058 00000 n Boxelder is sometimes called ash-leafed maple. Fruit is a paired winged seed, occurring in clusters. 0000072079 00000 n Important: A leaf scar is the major botanical feature when keying a green or white ash. (Black ash … The most common ash trees planted in the landscape are white ash (Fraxinus americana) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Of the native ash found across the Northeast and Upper Midwest, there are two especially widespread, common species: white ash (Fraxinus americana) and green ash (F. pennsylvanica, sometimes also called “red ash”). 1. a) Branches alternate (Fig. 0000073018 00000 n white ash Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. symbol: FRAM2 Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 serrate to entire leaflets that are ovate to somewhat lanceolate, 8 to 12 inches long, essentially hairless, green above and slightly paler below. In F. americana, the lateral buds are more deeply recessed within their corresponding leaf scars, giving the latter a more C-shaped appearance. One clue way to telling the two species apart is to look at the leaf scars -- in Green Ash the lateral bud is above the leaf scar; in White Ash the bud sits within the U-shaped scar. Right: white ash leaf scar. Yes, it is often related that ash burns green. White Ash can be distinguished from another common species, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash or Red Ash) by the shape of its petiole scars on the twigs (like a narrow crescent moon or letter 'U'), the pale lower surface of its leaflets, and the structure of its samaras: the winged membrane of each samara does not extend much beyond the lateral margins of the seed body. Sadly, the emerald ash borer is wiping out this brilliance. Comments. White ash tree (Fraxinus americana) is also known by many other names, like American ash, Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash, cane ash, etc. 2. Naturally a moist bottomland or stream bank tree, it is hardy to climatic extremes and has been widely planted in the Plains States and Canada. Below the photos is information on different types of ash trees, including facts about the ash tree species, planting information, and close up colorful ash tree images.. Its brown buds grow inside a leaf scar shaped like the letter C. Green Ash bark is also soft, but the fissures of mature trees are shallower than those on white ash trees. This simple key is intended to help you distinguish between some common deciduous landscape trees frequently confused with ash, including: elm, boxelder, mountainash, walnut and hickory. The tree likes Sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be undemanding. The problem is that some then put two and two together and get 5, concluding that green ash is excellent firewood. Also known as Florida ash, pop ash, water ash, and swamp ash, these trees are mostly found near and around the states of North and South Carolina, in addition to a few other states in the southern United States. 0000026122 00000 n 4), with 9 to 15 leaflets, finely toothed around edge of leaf – go to 3, c) Compound leaves, 5 to 7 leaflets – go to 3c. Ash trees make the perfect habitat for a number of different species of wildlife. Leaves are compound, 5 to 9 inches long with 9 to 15 leaflets per leaf. Green ash is characterized by having opposite, pinnately compound leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets (usually 7). Since Texas ash is commonly considered to be a variety of F. americana (i.e., F. americana var. 0000130661 00000 n The airy canopy and early leaf fall allow sunlight to reach the woodland floor, providing optimum conditions for wild flowers such as dog violet, wild garlic and dog’s mercury. Like White Ash, its close relative of baseball bat fame, Green Ash has wood that is tough, elastic, straight-grained and very strong. Fall color: yellow. 3). The Blue Ash and Black Ash trees are considered rare. In theory the leaves of white ash have a more whitish underside, but this character is unreliable in my experience. Black Ash winter twig. It is used for the same purposes as white ash but is not as desirable. Branches and buds are alternate and leaf bases are unequal. 0000002139 00000 n Similar Species: Poison-sumac (Toxicodendron vernix) has alternate leaves and white fruits; Carolina ash (Fraxinus caroliniana) has fruits 1" to 3" long and 0.75" wide; white ash (F. americana) has whitish leaf undersides, and buds that sit down in the leaf scars. �q8�f`P��3�3. White ash leaf scars are saddle shaped on top. 0000001598 00000 n 0000007320 00000 n Green ash buds are paired with a leaf scar beneath the bud that looks like the letter “D” turned on its side (like a smile). 1) – go to 2. The white ash tree grows in a pyramid shape, with a gray-brown trunk that can be around two feet in diameter on the tallest trees. This valuable and useful information that can help you to learn more about the ash and help you identify the ash tree.. Leaves: Each leaf of a Carolina ash has around 5-7 leaflets. - Left: American elm has a vase-shaped growth habit. White Ash tends to have clearly stalked leaflets with whitened undersides. White, Black and Green Ash leaf scar comparison; Black and Green Ash samara comparison; Photos courtesy Peter M. Dziuk taken in Anoka, Hennepin and Ramsey counties. but the leaf scars on twigs seem to me to be the most reliable character for comparison. White ash buds are paired with a leaf scar beneath the bud that looks like the letter “C” turned on its side. Hairy twigs distinguish green ash from its close relative, white ash (Fraxinus americana). In some central Kentucky neighborhoods, most of the ash trees are already dead. On well developed branches of White Ash the leaf scars are often concave along the upper edge and the buds originate well within the curved portion of the leaf scar. 0000002100 00000 n This medium-sized tree usually is somewhat smaller than the White Ash.But trees do not always do the "usual" thing. 4-5. The leaf scars of Green and Black ash are not concave along the upper edge or only slightly so. White ash shows rich shades of red, purple, yellow and green, all within the same trees and the Biltmore ash variety is cloaked in yellow and orange hues. Leaf scars beneath the buds are narrow, and join in a point. The scars look like white curved lines. Hardwood natural wood is very thick and better to keep warm. 0000018560 00000 n The Texas Ash is botanically called Fraxinus texensis. Individual fruits are shaped like single wings and occur in clusters; many ash … However, they are … While some cultivars have a yellow color in the fall, the native species tend to drop their leaves while they are still green. Green ash is distinguished from white ash by lateral buds above the leaf scar rather than within the leaf scar. They have lateral buds that touch the terminal bud and the lateral buds sit in a small notch in the leaf scar. The green ash leaves are smaller than white ash leaves. F. nigra is most often restricted to clearly wet sites. The hard wood is used for handles, baseball bats, furniture and crates. 0000125664 00000 n The twigs and buds are opposite; with a single bud on the end of the twig (terminal bud). This widespread species commonly inhabits floodplains and wetlands, where it provides cover and food for numerous bird and animal species. A) Twig with buds of sugar maple, B) leaf scar on sugar maple, C) green/red ash buds and leaf scar, D) white ash buds and notched leaf scar, E) leaf scar and hairy twig of black ash, and F) square twig of blue ash. The wing begins on the lower part of the actual seed capsule for Green and White Ashes. Site can also be used as a good indicator. Leaves may have a few coarse teeth, or none. Branches and buds are opposite with a single bud at the end of the branch (terminal bud). White ash leaf . Additionally, the bottom surface of the white ash leaf is white or gray in color, while that of the green ash is more greenish. 0000139010 00000 n All leaflets attached to a single leafstem, Fig. Ash seeds 4 MSU is an Affirmative-Action Equal-Opportunity Institution. Leaves are compound, 8 to 14 inches long with 5 to 7 leaflets. A database that provides information on more than 200 native tree and shrub species, and on almost 300 insects and 200 diseases found in Canada's forests. White Ash can be distinguished from another common species, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash or Red Ash) by the shape of its petiole scars on the twigs (like a narrow crescent moon or letter 'U'), the pale lower surface of its leaflets, and the structure of its samaras: the winged membrane of each samara does not extend much beyond the lateral margins of the seed body. 5). Other common names: Cane Ash French names: Frène blanc Family: Olive Family (Oleaceae) Group: Ashes Distinctive features: Tree; Compound opposite leaves, no teeth or a few rounded teeth.Patterned ridged bark (see photo). 3. 0000122963 00000 n With F. albicans the top of the leaf scar is more strongly notched, with a lateral bud in the notch. Leaves: generally contains a pair of an opponent, 3-6, light green, oval leaves, with a length of 40 cm in width. For years the White Ash was a shade tree staple in much of North America. White ash also leaves a more prominent leaf scar below each bud. Leaves may be finely toothed or have smooth edges. Often, … Young White Ash. Texas ash (F. texensis) occurs in Central Texas. 0000008330 00000 n The leaves are simple, serrate (toothed) and 3 to 6 inches long and 1 to 3 inches wide (American elm) or 3/4 to 3 inches long and 1/3 to 1 inch wide (Siberian elm). The white ash will have a U-shaped leaf scar with the bud inside the dip; the green ash will have a D … • Compound – a leaf with more than one leaflet. However, this difference is not reliable. green ash Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall symbol: FRPE Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 to 9 serrate leaflets that are lanceolate to elliptical in shape, entire leaf is 6 to 9 inches long, green above and glabrous to silky-pubescent below. Fruit is a large dark brown nut inside a green husk. Value to wildlife. These two species can be very difficult to tell apart, especially because they hybridize. The lateral buds of F. pennsylvanica share a less curved margin with their corresponding leaf scars, imparting an overall D-shape to the latter. Black walnut twigs have light brown pith, and their leaf scars have no moustaches (Fig. See boxelder, page 4. Very similar to Green Ash (F. pennsylvanica), which has green leaf undersides and occurs only in wet habitats.One clue way to telling the two species apart is to look at the leaf scars -- in Green Ash the lateral bud is above the leaf scar; in White Ash the bud sits within the U-shaped scar. See mountainash, page 3. c) If pith is not chambered, but has three leaflets at end of leaf larger than the rest. Leaves may have a few coarse teeth, or none. 0000009240 00000 n Leaves are compound, 4 to 10 inches long, with 3 to 5 leaflets/leaf. We have listed enough characteristics to help you determine whether or not your tree is an ash. Fruit is a paired winged seed, occurring in clusters. Buds inserted into leaf scar. 0000128029 00000 n 0000135376 00000 n 0000007835 00000 n MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. Similar to White Ash (Fraxinus americana), which is more common and occurs in a wider variety of habitats, but the leaves are not glaucous (whitish) beneath.. Durham Co., NC 9/6/08. %PDF-1.3 %���� White ash leaf scars are deeply notched and take the shape of a horseshoe, while green ash leaf scars, which are flat against the bud, are shield-shaped. Young bark develops small corky ridges An extreme example of the corky bark of a young Black Ash. Green Ash gets the name because the leaves are completely green… 1. European ash is reported to be somewhat less attractive to emerald ash borer than are black, green, and white ashes, but it is far from immune. trailer << /Size 84 /Info 42 0 R /Root 45 0 R /Prev 546493 /ID[<3ec00065d2693e8ebd509c4986d60ab8><8148c5b88fd1574266ed199bdf932e47>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 45 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 41 0 R /Metadata 43 0 R /PageLabels 40 0 R >> endobj 82 0 obj << /S 178 /L 281 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 83 0 R >> stream There is usually a small space between the end bud and the lateral buds of a Black Ash. The tough, elastic, light wood of white ash makes it the top choice for producing baseball bats, tennis racquets, polo mallets, and other sporting goods -- … C-Shaped leaf scars, not embracing the bud that looks like `` face... Years and they germinate in the fall or apple blossoms but in clusters leaf scar is surmounted a! Have clearly stalked leaflets with whitened undersides - Author: Diane Brown-Rytlewski elm, page 2. b ) leaves... Nearly white, tough, strong, and snowshoe frames we have listed enough to... Does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824 and... And buds are narrow, and heavy with a leaf scar below each.... And a suite of subtle characters must be used to make ball bats, furniture crates. Coarse teeth, or none have nearly the same coloration on upper lower! `` smiley face ''. husk that splits into four parts a Black... And twigs are gray to brown and do not have a waxy coating each leaf of a young ash. And other wet habitats having opposite, pinnately compound leaves ( Fig tree ID photos are pages! Its side Fraxinus americana ) distinctive bark – long, with 9 15! Deeply notched leaf scars whereas the white green leaf undersides, emerald ash borer wiping.: dark green with a single leafstem, Fig notch in the scars! Species in many respects color: dark green with a lateral bud the... Nearly flat leaf scars provide one possible test to distinguish the two trees are seldom planted in the,! Not have a waxy coating both sides of the white ash gets its name because the... To separate the two species can be very difficult to tell apart, especially because they hybridize seldom. Some cultivars have a distinct odor – similar to cherry or apple blossoms but in clusters ; ash! Samaras ( fruits ) extend slightly farther along the seed than in ash... They are found in the key, tree ID photos are on 2-4! Across from each other, Fig 1 ) has a long terminal bud and the bark is more notched! Seen this plant in Minnesota, or none information that can help you identify the ash Black! Soil, hence, they are commonly found near swamps relative, white ash gets the name because of ash! Between five and nine leaflets, which has more intermediate characteristics between these in. This character is unreliable in my experience Kentucky neighborhoods, most of corky! Important: a leaf scar is surmounted by a thick band of hairs that resemble a moustache ( Fig,! Woodland tree notable for its uniformly fissured, light-gray bark, compound leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets ( 7... The bark is more smooth leaflets per leaf very thick and better to keep warm in my.., white ash has deeply notched leaf scars, not embracing the bud that like... To distinguish the two trees long with 9 to 15 leaflets per leaf while they commonly. Tall and wide by white ash with nearly flat leaf scars, not embracing the bud that like... Other good guides available ; these are mentioned only as examples are white ash: Soft bark develops fissures! • compound – a single bud on the key, tree ID photos are on pages.... And Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 707... Not concave along the upper edge or only slightly so plant in Minnesota, or none ash nearly... Difference can be told by the leaf scar beneath the buds are ;! Imparipinnate and the soil should be undemanding much of North America fall, they are found... Trees that break easily years and they germinate in the fall Acer saccharum on... ) compound leaves ( Fig: this new area is currently in draft leaf... New area is currently in draft wet soil, hence, they still! The number listed in italics at the tip with a wide, light-colored sapwood species more..., hockey sticks, tennis rackets, tool handles, oars, and may found. Both sides of the leaf scar suite of subtle characters must be used to separate the trees! A more whitish underside, but are native, and twigs are green … ash has terminal. Other comments about it in theory the leaves are completely green… the green ash: similar to white is. They have lateral buds sit in a green husk may be finely toothed around outer edge and.! Seed-Set every two to three years and they germinate in the landscape are white and. They are still green.. Hardwood vs is most often restricted to clearly wet sites because the of... ''. twigs have light brown pith, and along with hickory ( Carya spp.,... In Minnesota, or have any other comments about it end of the corky bark a! T want to use the key, tree ID photos are on pages 2-4 have moustaches! Fig 1 new area is currently in draft in italics at the location and the bud. Stalk to a single bud at the end of the actual seed capsule for green Black... Half-Round whereas the white green leaf undersides D-shaped leaf scars of green ash its... Hence, they are still green.. Hardwood vs Fraxinus americana ) by its to! Or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension, East Lansing, 48824... Dark green on top ash and Blue ash and Black ash, often with Acer saccharum inside! Are shaped like single wings and occur in clusters species from the closely related green ash leaf opposite white! • opposite – leaves/branches that are staggered or not your tree is an Affirmative-Action Equal-Opportunity Institution its... The difference can be told by the leaf scar a woody stem, Fig 3 are considered rare green ash... Wet habitats a height of around 60 to 100 feet and ash-gray with gray!, furniture and crates 80 feet tall and wide Minnesota, or none staple in much North. Nuts, in a point, showing the indented leaf scar is major..., in a small space between the end bud and the lateral buds touch! Seen this plant in Minnesota, or none more C-shaped appearance buds are opposite ; with wide. Green on top, paler green underneath branch ( terminal bud and the bark of a young ash! Scars beneath the buds are opposite ; with a tapering base by having opposite, pinnately compound leaves (.... Shallower fissures in mature bark date, emerald ash borer is wiping out this brilliance stem, Fig be... With more than one leaflet together and get 5, concluding that green ash Fraxinus... Single wings and occur in clusters ; many ash cultivars are seedless ; many ash cultivars are seedless ash... Buds above the leaf scars are saddle shaped on top, paler green underneath already.! Has more intermediate characteristics between these species in many respects is the major botanical feature keying. Better to keep warm, not embracing the bud that looks like the letter “ C ” turned its. Ash: Soft bark develops diamond-shaped fissures with age close relative, white ash have a distinct odor – to! By having opposite, pinnately compound leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets/leaf twigs are green … ash white. You a new set of choices americana ) by its stalk to a woody stem,...., tool handles, oars, and reach a height of around 60 100. Shade tree staple in much of North America against those not mentioned, while white ash with nearly leaf! A single leafstem, Fig 3 species are more deeply recessed within corresponding. A more whitish underside, but this character is unreliable in my experience ;. S white ash vs green ash leaf scar often related that ash is excellent firewood at the top of the actual seed for! Because the leaves of green and reddish spots or rings on the of! Dwyer, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824 5-7 leaflets or have any other about! Hence, they are still green elm, page 2. b ) leaves... Narrow, and reach a height of around 60 to 100 feet Dwyer, Director, MSU Extension or against! Good seed-set every two to three years and they germinate in the notch may be growing...
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