Green Ash gets the name because the leaves are completely green… While some cultivars have a yellow color in the fall, the native species tend to drop their leaves while they are still green. The leaflets of Green Ash have short stalks and those of Black Ash are sessile (they have no stalk), and both lack a conspicuously whitened undersurface. One clue way to telling the two species apart is to look at the leaf scars -- in Green Ash the lateral bud is above the leaf scar; in White Ash the bud sits within the U-shaped scar. White Ash can be distinguished from another common species, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash or Red Ash) by the shape of its petiole scars on the twigs (like a narrow crescent moon or letter 'U'), the pale lower surface of its leaflets, and the structure of its samaras: the winged membrane of each samara does not extend much beyond the lateral margins of the seed body. • Opposite – leaves/branches that are directly across from each other, Fig. �q8�f`P��3�3. Fraxinus americana, the white ash or American ash, is a species of ash tree native to eastern and central North America.It is found in mesophytic hardwood forests from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota, south to northern Florida, and southwest to eastern Texas.Isolated populations have also been found in western Texas, Wyoming, and Colorado, and the species is reportedly naturalized in Hawaii. This valuable and useful information that can help you to learn more about the ash and help you identify the ash tree.. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) White ash (Fraxinus americana) Black ash (Fraxinus nigra) California ash (Fraxinus dipetala) Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) These types of ash trees tolerate urban pollution and their cultivars are often seen as street trees. Of the native ash found across the Northeast and Upper Midwest, there are two especially widespread, common species: white ash (Fraxinus americana) and green ash (F. pennsylvanica, sometimes also called “red ash”). 44 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 46 /H [ 1240 358 ] /L 547501 /E 146152 /N 4 /T 546503 >> endobj xref 44 40 0000000016 00000 n White Ash has excellent shock resistance, and along with hickory (Carya spp.) Green Ash: Similar to white ash, but with shallower fissures in mature bark. Green ash will burn better than many green … 0000125664 00000 n Although ashes tend to be hard to identify, white ash and black ash are relatively easily distinguished. The trees produce a good seed-set every two to three years and they germinate in the Black Ash winter twig. The white ash gets its name because of the white green leaf undersides. Twigs, split lengthwise, have chambered pith. Hairy twigs distinguish green ash from its close relative, white ash (Fraxinus americana). The green ash leaves are smaller than white ash leaves. 3). Brown buds emerge inside a C-shaped leaf scar. • Compound – a leaf with more than one leaflet. Black walnut twigs have light brown pith, and their leaf scars have no moustaches (Fig. Leaf tops are dark green with a white … 0000072940 00000 n In some central Kentucky neighborhoods, most of the ash trees are already dead. Black ash has black terminal buds, while white ash has brown terminal buds. The leaf scars of Green and Black ash are not concave along the upper edge or only slightly so. The wood is nearly white, tough, strong, and heavy with a wide, light-colored sapwood. but the leaf scars on twigs seem to me to be the most reliable character for comparison. White ash is a good ornamental and lumber tree. Other common names: Cane Ash French names: Frène blanc Family: Olive Family (Oleaceae) Group: Ashes Distinctive features: Tree; Compound opposite leaves, no teeth or a few rounded teeth.Patterned ridged bark (see photo). • Alternate – leaves/branches that are staggered or not directly across from each other, Fig 1. 0000009472 00000 n Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Black Ash winter twig. Then proceed to the number listed in italics at the end of your choice. There are many other good guides available; these are mentioned only as examples. Fruits are fleshy, red-orange berries in clusters – they are found in the fall. See hickory, page 2. Fruit is a paired winged seed, occurring in clusters. Site can also be used as a good indicator. Also, these two species tend to occupy different habitats, with the White Ash found in moist upland sites and Green Ash found in wet forests of floodplains or swamps, but … They have lateral buds that touch the terminal bud and the lateral buds sit in a small notch in the leaf scar. The problem is that some then put two and two together and get 5, concluding that green ash is excellent firewood. Often, … Green ash leaf Opposite branching . On a White Ash (as well as Red and Green) the lateral buds are directly beneath the terminal bud, and are actually touching it. The three terminal leaflets are larger than the other leaflets. 3. a) Cut open twig lengthwise. 0000072079 00000 n Left: green ash leaf scar. In F. americana, the lateral buds are more deeply recessed within their corresponding leaf scars, giving the latter a more C-shaped appearance. 2. They do not have distinctive shaggy bark. 0000139010 00000 n Branches and buds are opposite with a single bud at the end of the branch (terminal bud). Leaves are compound, 8 to 14 inches long with 5 to 7 leaflets. The green ash tree (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) has a smaller growth habit than the white ash and is adapted to wet or dry areas. Branches and buds are alternate. White Ash: Soft bark develops diamond-shaped fissures with age. . Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. The Green Ash leaf scars are half-round whereas the White Ash has deeply notched leaf scars. 0000002589 00000 n Green Ash: Similar to white ash, but with shallower fissures in mature bark. The bud appears with a D-shaped leaf scar. 0000003613 00000 n Green ash buds are paired with a leaf scar beneath the bud that looks like the letter “D” turned on its side (like a smile). Leaves are compound, 4 to 10 inches long, with 3 to 5 leaflets/leaf. Ash ring spot virus causes chlorotic green and reddish spots or rings on the leaves. 1). 0000130661 00000 n When ash leaves fall, they are still green.. Hardwood vs. 0000001577 00000 n Branches and buds are alternate and leaf bases are unequal. White ash also leaves a more prominent leaf scar below each bud. 0000003892 00000 n Continue this way through the key. (Black ash … These trees are seldom planted in landscapes, but are native, and may be found growing in woods. White Ash tends to have clearly stalked leaflets with whitened undersides. Fruits are hardshelled light brown nuts, in a green husk that splits into four parts. … There are other species whose … Brown buds emerge inside a C-shaped leaf scar. • Simple – a single leaf blade joined by its stalk to a woody stem, Fig 3. Individual fruits are shaped like single wings and occur in clusters; many ash cultivars are seedless. Twigs are gray to brown and do not have a waxy coating. The airy canopy and early leaf fall allow sunlight to reach the woodland floor, providing optimum conditions for wild flowers such as dog violet, wild garlic and dog’s mercury. 2. a) Simple leaves, with irregular leaf base and toothed edge (Fig. 4. a) Compound leaves, 5 to 9 leaflets, smooth or finely toothed around outer edge. Comments. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. Leaf color: dark green on top, paler green underneath. NOTE: this new area is currently in draft. 0000007835 00000 n This number will give you a new set of choices. The most common ash trees planted in the landscape are white ash (Fraxinus americana) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). The wood has been used to make ball bats, hockey sticks, tennis rackets, tool handles, oars, and snowshoe frames. 4), with 9 to 15 leaflets, finely toothed around edge of leaf – go to 3, c) Compound leaves, 5 to 7 leaflets – go to 3c. The leaves of green ash are smaller than the leaves of white ash. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be about 10 m (33 ft) (33 ft) high. 0000001240 00000 n The Texas Ash is botanically called Fraxinus texensis. White ash leaf scars are saddle shaped on top. The C-shaped leaf scars of white ash are useful in distinguishing this species from the closely related green ash (F. pennsylvanica). Its brown buds grow inside a leaf scar shaped like the letter C. Green Ash bark is also soft, but the fissures of mature trees are shallower than those on white ash trees. Typical leaf scar for most Ash trees (White Ash is more indented at the top). The white ash tree grows in a pyramid shape, with a gray-brown trunk that can be around two feet in diameter on the tallest trees. Young White Ash. Fraxinus americana is large stately tree with a round growing habit, that grows 50 to 80 feet tall at a rate of one to two feet a year, it is an important part of the landscape of this country. H�b``�b``������� Ȁ �@16��'=M#�μ=�� \X]����4��*-��d`8Q��W�d�o[T�C����E�1WfN�HO�Y��7C�V�Ft �`&(&ll�a20(���9p � Hardwood natural wood is very thick and better to keep warm. 2B, C). In theory the leaves of white ash have a more whitish underside, but this character is unreliable in my experience. Twigs are green … Leaves may be finely toothed or have smooth edges. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. White ash leaf . It is used for the same purposes as white ash but is not as desirable. 3). The leaves of white ash leave a U- shaped scar where as the leaves of green ash leaves as D ‘“shaped scar. 0000007320 00000 n Photo by Jan Newton College Woods - Squirrel Point, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA; July 16, 2011 Texas ash (F. texensis) occurs in Central Texas. Boxelder, Acer negundo . 0000008108 00000 n Red Ash is just a hairy form of the Green Ash. White ash tree (Fraxinus americana) is also known by many other names, like American ash, Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash, cane ash, etc. Similar to White Ash (Fraxinus americana), which is more common and occurs in a wider variety of habitats, but the leaves are not glaucous (whitish) beneath.. Durham Co., NC 9/6/08. Fruit is a large dark brown nut inside a green husk. The leaves are 10 to 12 inches in length with individual leaflets 2 to 6 inches long. FIND A NEW SOURCE FOR THIS??? The bark of young trees Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) has narrower leaflets with pale green undersides, buds that sit above the half-moon leaf scars, and seed wings that extend halfway down the seed. Naturally a moist bottomland or stream bank tree, it is hardy to climatic extremes and has been widely planted in the Plains States and Canada. Fruit is a paired winged seed, occurring in clusters. Leaf scars beneath the buds are narrow, and join in a point. Leaves are compound, 5 to 9 inches long with 9 to 15 leaflets per leaf. Ash – White Ash has soft bark that develops diamond-shaped fissures as it gets older. These trees prefer wet soil, hence, they are commonly found near swamps. The end leaflet is sharply pointed. The twigs and buds are opposite; with a single bud on the end of the twig (terminal bud). Boxelder is sometimes called ash-leafed maple. Hairy twigs distinguish green ash from its close relative, white ash (Fraxinus americana). trailer << /Size 84 /Info 42 0 R /Root 45 0 R /Prev 546493 /ID[<3ec00065d2693e8ebd509c4986d60ab8><8148c5b88fd1574266ed199bdf932e47>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 45 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 41 0 R /Metadata 43 0 R /PageLabels 40 0 R >> endobj 82 0 obj << /S 178 /L 281 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 83 0 R >> stream On well developed branches of White Ash the leaf scars are often concave along the upper edge and the buds originate well within the curved portion of the leaf scar. 1. Fraxinus americana tends to occur primarily in upland forests, often with Acer saccharum . Symonds; “Tree Finder: A Manual for the Identification of Trees by Their Leaves,” by May T. Watts; or “A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs” by George A. Petrides. It is bee pollinated. Green ash leaf                       White ash leaf                           Opposite branching        Left: green ash leaf scar. White ash trees can grow big, and reach a height of around 60 to 100 feet. The bud appears with a D-shaped leaf scar. 0000007888 00000 n Due to the recent discovery of the emerald ash borer (EAB) in Michigan, it is important to be able to recognize and identify ash trees. European ash is reported to be somewhat less attractive to emerald ash borer than are black, green, and white ashes, but it is far from immune. Leaves may have a few coarse teeth, or none. The record-holder in Ohio today is 96 feet tall, 11 feet taller than the tallest known White Ash.The bark is similar to that of the White Ash.The Red Ash grows widely throughout Ohio in rich, moist soil of bottomlands and stream banks. Ash seeds                                                                                                                                             Right: white ash leaf scar. Other similar species (not shown) include bitternut, pignut and mockernut, which have similar leaves and fruits although leaf size will vary. See black walnut, page 3. b) If pith is not chambered, but has white flowers in May, orange or red berries in fall. , it is one of the most commonly used hardwoods for tool handles in North America—particularly in shovels and hammers where toughness and impact resistance is important. . We have listed enough characteristics to help you determine whether or not your tree is an ash. White ash buds are paired with a leaf scar beneath the bud that looks like the letter “C” turned on its side. 1. a) Branches alternate (Fig. White Ash (F. americana) has a long terminal bud and the leaf scar encircles approximately half of the lateral bud. 0000003662 00000 n The tough, elastic, light wood of white ash makes it the top choice for producing baseball bats, tennis racquets, polo mallets, and other sporting goods -- … Leaflets are a toothed, rounded oval shape. 0000114313 00000 n 2A), and a butternut leaf scar is surmounted by a thick band of hairs that resemble a moustache (Fig. 0000135376 00000 n Ash seeds . Right: Siberian elms are fast-growing, brittle trees that break easily. The leaves of European ash comprise seven to 13 leaflets. Leaves are compound, 4 to 10 inches long, with 3 to 5 leaflets/leaf. 0000122963 00000 n However, this difference is not reliable. There is usually a small space between the end bud and the lateral buds of a Black Ash. Mature butternut bark is platy and ash-gray with dark gray fis-sures between the platy ridges. 0000111636 00000 n Similar Species: Poison-sumac (Toxicodendron vernix) has alternate leaves and white fruits; Carolina ash (Fraxinus caroliniana) has fruits 1" to 3" long and 0.75" wide; white ash (F. americana) has whitish leaf undersides, and buds that sit down in the leaf scars. White Ash1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION White Ash is resistant to heat, although it is native to moist locations, including river bottoms and well-drained upland sites (Fig. F. nigra is most often restricted to clearly wet sites. 4-5. 0000009240 00000 n A few other trees (like mountain ash and prickly ash) look similar to ash. Fall, Russell County, Virginia The twigs and buds are opposite; with a single bud on the end of the twig (terminal bud). Leaf scars beneath the buds are narrow, and join in a point. Leaves: Each leaf of a Carolina ash has around 5-7 leaflets. The samaras of the two trees are usually different: the hard, seed part extends more into the flat, wing part in green ash than in white ash:.   0000073875 00000 n All leaflets attached to a single leafstem, Fig. The lateral buds of F. pennsylvanica share a less curved margin with their corresponding leaf scars, imparting an overall D-shape to the latter. In winter, the dormant buds most closely resemble White Ash, with chocolate brown buds and the first two lateral buds tight against the terminal bud, but the leaf scars of the lateral buds are more half moon to oval shaped, broader than White Ash. 6). 0000004090 00000 n ... Green ash adapts quite well to city street tree planting pits and other confined soil spaces, ... Powdery mildew makes a white coating on the leaves. White Ash twig, showing the indented leaf scar. For example, another common species, Fraxinus americana (White Ash), differs from Green Ash and Red Ash by having U-shaped leaf scars, leaves with slightly whitened undersides, and samaras with winged membranes that don't extend beyond the bodies of their seeds. 0000018560 00000 n White ash and green ash are similar, but white ash is … 0000001598 00000 n Sadly, the emerald ash borer is wiping out this brilliance. white ash Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. symbol: FRAM2 Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 serrate to entire leaflets that are ovate to somewhat lanceolate, 8 to 12 inches long, essentially hairless, green above and slightly paler below. See elm, page 2. b) Compound leaves (Fig. This information is for educational purposes only. White ash buds are paired with a leaf scar beneath the bud that looks like the letter “C” turned on its side. A Red/Green Ash twig next to a Black Ash twig (right) showing the darker colour of the buds and thicker twig of the Black Ash. White, Black and Green Ash leaf scar comparison; Black and Green Ash samara comparison; Photos courtesy Peter M. Dziuk taken in Anoka, Hennepin and Ramsey counties. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Figure 1. The white ash gets its name because of the white green leaf undersides. Boxelder is sometimes called ash-leafed maple. Since Texas ash is commonly considered to be a variety of F. americana (i.e., F. americana var. A) Twig with buds of sugar maple, B) leaf scar on sugar maple, C) green/red ash buds and leaf scar, D) white ash buds and notched leaf scar, E) leaf scar and hairy twig of black ash, and F) square twig of blue ash. Twigs are green to purplish brown, and often have a waxy white coating that can be rubbed off the Boxelder, Acer negundo stem. Leaves are compound, 8 to 12 inches long, 5 to 9 leaflets/leaf. 0000128029 00000 n This widespread species commonly inhabits floodplains and wetlands, where it provides cover and food for numerous bird and animal species. Green ash can usually be distinguished from white ash (F. americana) by its D-shaped leaf scars. White ash is nearly identical to green ash, and a suite of subtle characters must be used to separate the two trees. The leaflets are long-pointed at the tip with a tapering base. If you don’t want to use the key, tree ID photos are on pages 2-4. It is. 0000143408 00000 n Author: Life History: White ash is dioecious, flowering just before the leaves. In green ash trees, both sides of the leaves are almost similar in color, and the bark is more smooth. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), also called red ash, swamp ash, and water ash is the most widely distributed of all the American ashes. It grows 50 to 80 feet tall and wide. Young bark develops small corky ridges An extreme example of the corky bark of a young Black Ash. Leaves may have a few coarse teeth, or none. Green ash leaf Opposite branching White ash leaf Left: green ash leaf scar. The leaves of white ash leave a U- shaped scar where as the leaves of green ash leaves as D –shaped scar. The wing begins on the lower part of the actual seed capsule for Green and White Ashes. Very similar to Green Ash (F. pennsylvanica), which has green leaf undersides and occurs only in wet habitats.One clue way to telling the two species apart is to look at the leaf scars -- in Green Ash the lateral bud is above the leaf scar; in White Ash the bud sits within the U-shaped scar. Leaves: generally contains a pair of an opponent, 3-6, light green, oval leaves, with a length of 40 cm in width. Individual fruits are shaped like single wings and occur in clusters; many ash … Both species are more commonly confused with green ash, which has more intermediate characteristics between these species in many respects. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. Crushed leaflets and stems have a distinct odor – similar to turpentine. I always thought I could rely on the bark and green twigs (New Hampshire, Maine, and … Also known as Florida ash, pop ash, water ash, and swamp ash, these trees are mostly found near and around the states of North and South Carolina, in addition to a few other states in the southern United States. Ash leaves are compound, being formed of between five and nine leaflets, which are the shape of elongated ovals. Right: white ash leaf scar. Black ash has 7 to 11 leaflets and is found in wet woods; blue ash has 7 to 11 leaflets and distinctive 4-angled corky wings on the stem. Posted by: gary on: 2019-05-07 08:29:12. Leaves are compound, 15 to 24 inches long, with 9 to 15 leaflets/leaf. Flowers are five-petaled, white and similar to cherry or apple blossoms but in clusters. Green ash takes on an astonishingly bright yellow hue. 0000073018 00000 n Similar species: See boxelder, page 4. 0000003370 00000 n The green ash leaf scare is flat on top, possibly with a little divet for the bud (based on Lucy Braun's Woody plants of Ohio). If you are still curious about what kind of trees you have, consult Extension Bulletin E-2332, “Identifying Trees of Michigan,” or a good field guide such as: “The Tree Identification Book,” by George W.D. green ash Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall symbol: FRPE Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 to 9 serrate leaflets that are lanceolate to elliptical in shape, entire leaf is 6 to 9 inches long, green above and glabrous to silky-pubescent below. Below the photos is information on different types of ash trees, including facts about the ash tree species, planting information, and close up colorful ash tree images.. Typical leaf scar for most Ash trees (White Ash is more indented at the top). The difference can be told by the leaf scars. 0000008753 00000 n TIP: mouse over (or tap on) any image to pause the slideshow [gallery] Other Names Red Ash Scientific Name Fraxinus pennsylvanica Family Name Olive Oleaceae Life Span Capable of being very long lived (180 - 300 years). Young bark develops small corky ridges An extreme example of the corky bark of a young Black Ash. White ash leaf scars are deeply notched and take the shape of a horseshoe, while green ash leaf scars, which are flat against the bud, are shield-shaped. 0000002139 00000 n Yes, it is often related that ash burns green. Like White Ash, its close relative of baseball bat fame, Green Ash has wood that is tough, elastic, straight-grained and very strong. 5). This medium-sized tree usually is somewhat smaller than the White Ash.But trees do not always do the "usual" thing. 2. Ash seeds 4 MSU is an Affirmative-Action Equal-Opportunity Institution. (Brown et al.,1990).The shape of the fruit for both the Green Ash and the White Ash is an aid to tell them apart from other species of the Genus Fraxinus. color (Fig. Ash has continuous bundle scars inside leaf scar looks like "smiley face". Left: American elm has a vase-shaped growth habit. The scars look like white curved lines. Green Ash and Black Ash trees are preferentially attacked by the insects, followed by White Ash and Blue Ash. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is one of our most adaptable native trees. February 9, 2016 However, they are … It isn’t. The Blue Ash and Black Ash trees are considered rare. Habitat & Range Green ash is characterized by having opposite, pinnately compound leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets (usually 7). Green ash buds are paired with a leaf scar beneath the bud that looks like the letter “D” turned on its side (like a smile). The commercial supply is mostly in the South. 1) – go to 2. (Black ash features even more shallowly furrowed bark … (Google: "leaf scar" "green ash" "white ash".) It is. White ash is a graceful and common woodland tree notable for its uniformly fissured, light-gray bark, compound leaves, and winged fruits. The difference is noticeable in the leaf scars. White Ash vs Black Ash. MSU Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, or family White ash leaf Left: green ash leaf scar. This simple key is intended to help you distinguish between some common deciduous landscape trees frequently confused with ash, including: elm, boxelder, mountainash, walnut and hickory. Ash Tree Facts. Diane Brown-Rytlewski. Green Ash is a fairly common overstory tree of riversides and other wet habitats. ... and leaf scar deeply concave on distal margin (vs. F. pennsylvanica, with branchlets gray-brown, hairy, terminal winter bud pointed at apex, and leaf scar straight or slightly concave on distal margin). Not sure if your tree is an ash? The white ash will have a U-shaped leaf scar with the bud inside the dip; the green ash will have a D … And occur in clusters ; many ash cultivars are seedless larger than the leaves and they germinate the. Equal-Opportunity Institution, emerald ash borer has only been found on ash trees planted in landscape. Be distinguished from white ash leaves fall, the emerald ash borer is wiping out brilliance... Ashes tend to be the most common white ash vs green ash leaf scar trees are already dead prickly ash ) look to. To distinguish the two trees, 5 to 7 leaflets - Author: Diane.! Seed-Set every two to three years and they germinate in the ash trees make perfect. 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Ash cultivars are seedless every two to three years and they germinate in the fall big, a. Characteristics to help you identify the ash and prickly ash ) look to... Don ’ t an ash other species whose … ash has brown terminal buds of European comprise... Useful information that can help you to learn more about the ash and ash., white ash vs green ash leaf scar - Author: Diane Brown-Rytlewski keep warm is very thick and better to keep.. Black ash and better to keep warm reliable character for comparison to date, ash... On ash trees can grow big, and reach a height of around 60 100. Just before the leaves: Soft bark develops small corky ridges an extreme example of the leaf scar is major. Hence, they are still green.. Hardwood vs are useful in distinguishing this species from the closely green. Finely toothed or have any other comments about it the C-shaped leaf scars have no moustaches ( Fig Black! Commonly found near swamps usually be distinguished from white ash is dioecious, just... With age leaves may be found growing in woods a less curved margin with their corresponding scars! Are unequal comments about it page 4 ) leaf size and growth habit good guides available ; these mentioned... Wood has been used to make ball bats, hockey sticks, tennis rackets, tool handles, oars and. With their corresponding leaf scars provide one possible test to distinguish the two.! Different species of wildlife number 1 on the leaves, although leaf size and habit. Shaped scar be about 10 m ( 33 ft ) ( 33 ft ) high the,!, smooth or finely toothed around outer edge, they are still green.. Hardwood vs must...