A species of Halimeda (green seaweed) at Sataya Reef, Red Sea, Egypt -SCUBA (6395402807).jpg 1,024 × 715; 274 KB The most conspicuous genera are Dictyota, Turbinaria, Stypopodium and Halimeda. The vegetative thallus of Ivanovia tebagaensis, a Permian form, is coenocytic or siphonous, with a cyathiform (cup-shaped) membrane-like thallus, 1.5–2 cm wide and up to 3 cm tall. FIGURE 10.3. Conversion of Calcified Algae (Halimeda sp) and Hard Coral (Porites sp) to Hydroxyapatite . Procedures utilizing Chelex 100 chelating resin have been developed for extracting DNA from forensic-type samples for use with the PCR. In the segments, the filaments branch and end in swelled-tip utricles that lay down a matrix of aragonite. A comparison with typical H. opuntia revealed differences in habit, ecology and microscopic characteristics such that H. renschii should be considered a distinct species rather than a form. Therefore, we amend the Mastophoroideae to be limited to Mastophora and Metamastophora with a thin thallus with basal filaments comprised of palisade cells, tetrasporangial conceptacles formed by filaments peripheral to fertile areas, and spermatangia derived only from the floor of male conceptacles. (7) When the extent of sequence divergence is < or = 5% and when > or = 1,000 nucleotides are used, all three methods show essentially the same efficiency in obtaining the correct topology and in estimating branch lengths. The process described refers primarily to the more rapidly growing reef-building corals, such as the acroporids, with a strategy of space competition. productivity rates, and thence sedimentation, in the lagoon of one of the reefs. sequence phylogeny that 19 of 22 isolates previously assigned to either Nannochloris or Nanochlorum fall within a diverse sister clade to a clade including the four 'true' Chlorella species sensu loto. In fact, the dasycladalean algae are the group which contributed most to carbonate rock formation in the Triassic. We report the occurrence of a group I intron, 452 nucleotides in length, in the nuclear small-subunit ribosomal gene of the benthic seaweed Urospora penicilliformis, a member of the green algal class Ulvophyceae. Three sand-dwelling species were also present but did not occur anywhere in substantial quantities. Caulerpa serulata, C. racemosa Jania sp, Padina sp, Dictyota sp, Udotea sp and Neomeris sp. It is a parameter in an equation which expresses the probability that the alignment position contains a different nucleotide in two sequences, as a function of the distance separating these sequences, i.e., the number of substitutions per nucleotide that occurred during their divergence. Antibacterial Potential Screening of Halimeda sp on Some Types of Pathogenic Bacteria menemukan bahwa asupan ekstrak Halimeda sp. Another uncalcified green alga, which morphologically resembles the existing genus Caulerpa, has been reported to be preserved in Miocene diatomite from California (Parker and Dawson, 1965). Antioxidant bioactive compound . Halimeda is easy to recognise; it looks like an underwater cactus (Hillis-Colinvaux 1980), with many segments. Halimeda is a genus of green macroalgae.The algal body is composed of calcified green segments.Calcium carbonate is deposited in its tissues, making it inedible to most herbivores.However one species, Halimeda tuna, was described as pleasant to eat with oil, vinegar, and salt. copiosa andH. The final closure of the Isthmus of Panama at ∼3.5 Ma divided the American tropical ocean into two separate and different oceanographic regions. Compound 170 contains an unusual hydroxylated fatty acid, 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyldecanoic acid (HDMD), the enantiomer of which was previously encountered in the lipodepsipeptide 15G256γ, reported from the marine-derived fungus Hypoxylon oceanicum.170 On the other hand, the 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyldodecanoic acid (HTMD) moiety present in 171 has not yet been reported as a component of a lipopeptide. New H. renschii material includes collections from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Bibliography: leaves 117-136. Many do, in fact, develop a coating of loose aragonite crystals. Thus, the algal symbiosis in stony corals is not just an evolutionary device that internalizes energy and nutrient cycling, it also enhances both community calcification and photosynthesis. modified Farris, Faith, and Li methods. The most-parsimonious tree inferred from random data may also be considerably shorter than the second-best alternative. More than 500,000 images and video clips online, from tigers to turtles and elephants to sharks. Abstract: The methanol extract of an assemblage of Halimeda stuposa and a Dictyota sp., yielded three natural products characteristic of Dictyota sp., and one of Halimeda sp. phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily including the type genus using DNA sequences of SSU rDNA and plastid-encoded gene of PSII reaction center protein D1 (psbA) revealed that Mastophora formed a robust clade only with Metamastophora. (3) When all the assumptions of the ML method are satisfied, this method is slightly more efficient than the NJ method. Coral colonies grow sparsely forming large individuals. We investigated the use of Eucheuma spinosum and Halimeda sp as a trap for the Rabbitfish, Syganus sp. opuntia, except on the atoll whereH. In Caulerpa spp., dialdehyde 22 crosslinks with the nucleophilic groups of proteins to form a polymeric plug that seals wounded tissue. With its services, EMBRC will provide the suitable research environment for users from academia, industry, technology and additional sectors. and Oroseina pletzachensis n. sp. Amino acid sequence data are available for ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, plastocyanin, cytochrome c, and ferredoxin for a number of angiosperm families. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. However, when the assumptions are not satisfied, the NJ method with gamma distances is slightly better in obtaining the correct topology than is the ML method. Caulerpa species are eaten as delicacies in some Pacific countries, 89 and it was the search for the distinctive “peppery principle” of C. racemosa that led the initial investigation into this genus. However, for optimal exploitation of the information contained in the alignment, a method must be available that takes into account the local sequence variability in the computation of evolutionary distance. species (Dragastan and Herbig, 2007), dasycladalean green algae such as . The Dasycladales (Cymopolia and Batophora) also forms a clade, but this clade is not inferred to be the sister group to the S/C complex as has been proposed. Molecular and morphometric studies of species boundaries within a green algal genus, Epi-endophytic symbiosis between Laminariocolax aecidioides (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) and Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) growing on Argentinian coasts, Phylogenetic analyses of the bryopsidales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on RUBISCO large subunit gene sequences, Ultrastructure of some species of Halimeda (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from Brazil, Multi-taxa coral reef community structure in relation to habitats in the Baa Atoll Man and Biosphere UNESCO Reserve (Maldives), and implications for its conservation, Reproductive features of Hawaiian Halimeda velasquezii (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), and an evolutionary assessment of reproductive characters in Halimeda, Analyse de la diversité du genre Halimeda en Nouvelle-Calédonie : analyses morphologiques et ADN, Biogenic carbonate formation and sedimentation in the Xisha Islands: evidences from living Halimeda, Progress of the taxonomic research on the macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) along the East African coast, Halimeda cuneata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), a new record for the Atlantic Ocean, A new family of Paleo-Mesozoic calcareous Green Siphons-algae (Order Bryopsidales, Class Bryopsidophyceae, Phylum Siphonophyta), Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics, Picoplanktonic Choricystis species (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) and problems surrounding the morphologically similar ‘Nannochloris-like algae’, Calcification in the green alga Halimeda. near East Point; Right: Macroalgae (Sargassum. The calcification is primarily extracellular and does not involve ion pumping by membranes. The orders Ulotrichales and Ulvales are separated from the clade formed by the remaining orders of siphonous and siphonocladous Ulvophyceae (Caulerpales, Siphonocladales /Cladophorales [S/C] complex, and the Dasycladales), by the Chlorophyceae and Pleurastrophyceae. Populasi dan Keanekaragaman Hewan Makrobenthos pada Perairan Tertutup dan Terbuka di Teluk Awur, Jepara. Grazing only removes the larger, slower growing competitors. The Pleurastrophyceae, which, like the Ulvophyceae, posses a counter-clockwise arrangement of flagellar basal bodies, are more closely related to the Chlorophyceae than to the Ulvophyceae based on rRNA sequences. generated, and phylogenetic estimates are possible even when hundreds of sequences exist. The alga apparently reproduced asexually by forming outgrowths (buds) on a parental thallus; the mode of sexual reproduction in this species is unknown. and support both fundamental and applied research based on marine bioresources and marine ecosystems. At least nine species, or ¾ of the rock-associated species known for Enewetak, grow on the outside, and as many as six of these extend to at least 60-m depths. The thallus of Halimeda is constructed entirely of branching filaments that are matted together to form a plant body, which in some species may reach over a meter in length. .ne seagrasses of Thallassia sp, Halodule sp and Enhalus sp were found in the site, too. ex De Toni 1889 (7 sp. (2010). Molecular diversity of the calcified red algal genus Tricleocarpa (Galaxauraceae, Nemaliales) with the description of T. jejuensis and T. natalensis The growth of new segments and young plants of Halimeda, Penicillus, and Udotea are described as well as gametangial development, aging and decay in Halimeda. Bar=2 cm. Ciri-ciri - Tumbuhan thallus - Alga tegak - Alat perekat berupa rhizoid - berwarbna hijau karena mengandung klorofil - Thallusnya menyerupai daun. The pumping of protons (H+ ions) into the intracellular spaces and the coral coelenteron lowers pH, producing CO2 from the abundantly available biocarbonate ion. nov. 2.1.5. The result showed that both samples have antibacterial activity. The sequence of the conserved core of the U. penicilliformis group I intron was aligned with that of 15 other introns of this type, and the evolutionary relationships among these introns were examined. The species from the Yukon, I. triassica, is interesting because it displays sexual reproductive structures in the form of stalked spherical outgrowths from the thallus that are interpreted as oogonia, and dome-shaped protuberances thought to be male gametangia (Torres, 2003). ), Halimeda J. Ag. The fossil record indicates that the only visual groups that have undergone major evolutionary radiations evolved imaging eyes early in the history of metazoans (before the Silurian). Similarly, T. ventricosus is found on the reef flats at St. Croix and L. variegatus is not (Ogden and Lobel, 1978). Comparison of the "intron" tree with phylogenetic hypotheses of the intron-harboring organisms shows that nuclear group I introns in green algae have arisen several times and are not lineage specific. Benthic studies in this region rather commonly emphasize the process of carbonate sedimentation on the substrates, principally due to the presence of foraminiferans; north of Cape Frio, the presence of Halimeda, of bryozoans, and of coralline algae is emphasized. O Scribd é o maior site social de leitura e publicação do mundo. Based on the rDNA sequence analyses, P. paucicellulare and P. sarcinoideum are transferred to the genus Gloeotilopsis Iyengar et Philipose, and the previous assignments of P. erumpens and P. terrestre to the genus Leptosira Borzi are substantiated. The extraction of DNA from semen and very small bloodstains using Chelex 100 is as efficient or more efficient than using proteinase K and phenol-chloroform extraction. The Halimeda species renschii, described by Hauck in 1886 was considered a form of H. opuntia by Barton in her 1901 monograph of the genus. William H. Gerwick, Namthip Sitachitta, in The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 1999. Oleh karena Apical segments from both archived and recently collected samples were removed from a thallus and placed on a glass plate under a stereomicroscope. INTRODUCTION All substrates submerged in the aquatic environment are cov- ered by a layer of microbial film commonly called as “biofilms” (Viano et al., 2009; Satheesh an d Wesley, 2010). These tables can be used in a rapid and efficient test for significant structure in data matrices for phylogenetic analysis. The biomass measured contained 13 species in Fannie Bay; Right: Seagrass (Halophila . This strongly raises the pH and the concentration of carbonate ion (CO32−) in the interutricular spaces. (Hillis, 1980, Hillis et al., 1998). (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) and Choricystis minor. These kinetic studies as well as comparative measurements of calcification rates by both isotopic and chemical methods show The relative efficiencies of the maximum parsimony (MP) and distance-matrix methods in obtaining the correct tree (topology) were studied by using computer simulation. During my continuing study of the genus Halimeda I examined the type collection of H. renschii. In the MTT bioassay, 176 displayed weak activity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. A collection of diverse 16S and 16S-like rRNA secondary structure diagrams are available. Seven sponge species are present, encrusting and boring forms (Chondrilla nucula and Cliona langae) dominating. sp.). The sources of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis and calcification and a model of the mechanism of calcification, Compilation of small subunit RNA sequences, Group I Introns within the Nuclear-encoded Small-Subunit rRNA Gene of Three Green Algae, Signal, Noise, and Reliability in Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses, A self splicing group I intron in the nuclear pre-rRNA of the green alga, Collection of Small Subunit (16S- and 16S-like) ribosomal RNA structures: 1994, Relative Efficiencies of the Maximum-Likelihood, Neighbor-joining, and Maximum-Parsimony Methods When Substitution Rate Varies with Site, Evidence for independent acquisition of group I introns in green algae, Collection of Small Subunit (16S- and 16S-like) ribosomal RNA structures, Reconstructing evolution from eukaryotic small-ribosomal-subunit RNA sequences: Calibration of the molecular clock, Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences, Implications for the paleobiogeography of marine and terrestrial biotas. Hippocampus histrix, Timor Oriental.jpg 4,000 × 3,000; 6.47 MB. Thomas N. Taylor, ... Michael Krings, in Paleobotany (Second Edition), 2009. Another, such as that used by algal turfs, is to grow and reproduce very rapidly. This raises the 250 350 400 450 500 550 600 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Group I introns have been reported in fungi, myxomycetes, the ciliate genus Tetrahymena, and recently in five unicellular chlorophycean algae. 4.16) and have weak physiological control over mineralization are most strongly affected by changes in seawater chemistry. CO2 migrates from the polyp's tissues where it is continuously created by cellular respiration of sugars translocated from the zoothanthellae (as discussed above). Korormicin (31) is an intriguing combination of a peculiarly oxidized fatty acid and an unusual, lactonized amino acid, both of which pose interesting questions for future biosynthetic investigation. Halimeda J.V.Lamour. Halimeda favulosa, drawn from a 10-inch-high plant collected in the Bahamas. Acicularia. 2. species (Dragastan and Herbig, 2007), dasycladalean green algae such as . Molecular studies have uncovered cryptic and pseudocryptic species as well as strong biogeographic signals in phylogenies. Nature Picture Library offers the best nature photographs and footage from the world's finest photographers, to license for commercial and creative use. sp. Eventually, much of the algal captured carbon, after being grazed, is respired by animals, but a good part of this released CO2 is removed up into the water column, above the algal surface, or off in the adjacent lagoon. nécessaire], est constitué d'une suite d'éléments calcifiés discoïdes. to breakage and removal 8. Taxonomical problems caused by the misunderstanding of 'Nannochloris-like algae' are discussed. Even assuming the published hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships that most favor increased net speciation of visual groups, these comparisons show no significant association between imaging eyes and species richness. Such characters exist in the freshwater lineages, supporting retention of Koliella, Gloeotila, Marvania and Nannochloris as distinct genera, although each is currently represented by few isolates. The morphology, ultrastructure, and 185 rRNA gene sequences of two strains of picoplanktonic chlorophytes isolated from the same lake were compared with a culture of Choricystis minor (Skuja) Felt (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) from the culture collection in Gottingen, BRD. Media in category "Halimeda" The following 19 files are in this category, out of 19 total. Rainer Ebel, in Comprehensive Natural Products II, 2010, In an intriguing attempt to test the effects of competing coculture on secondary metabolites production, Bill Fenical’s group investigated the fungus Emericella sp. The 18S rRNA coding regions of L. obovata, P. erumpens, and P. terrestre Fritsch et John are identical; these taxa belong to the Trebouxiophyceae.